Immersive Training Guide

VR and simulation training for the military, government, healthcare and business

Glossary of immersive and military training terms

Last updated

3

3-, 5- and 7-level (Air Force maintainer skill levels)
Air Force maintainer proficiency levels: maintainers finish technical school at the 3-level and, after years of on-the-job training, upgrade to the 5- and 7-levels.
360-degree video (360-degree (spherical) video)
Video covering every direction around the camera, typically filmed with 360-degree cameras and stitched together. Viewers pan around it on a computer or phone or watch it in a VR headset.

A

AAR (After-action review)
A debrief that replays a training event so trainees and instructors can see what happened and why.
ACE (Ask, Care, Escort)
The Army's suicide prevention training model; its ACE Base+1 course covers help-seeking and stigma, risk and protective factors, warning signs, early and crisis intervention, and postvention. The Army National Guard uses it, and an Air Force VR course teaches it.
ACE-SI (Ask, Care, Escort–Suicide Intervention)
The Army's tier one suicide intervention course for leaders E-5 and above, Army civilian supervisors and others, focused on recognizing warning signs, taking action, and supporting reintegration and postvention.
Adaptive training (Also called personalized training)
Training that adjusts to each learner, for example by giving remedial work where a student is weak and moving faster through material already mastered.
AEDT (Automated employment decision tool)
Under New York City Local Law 144, a tool used in employment decisions that may be used only after a bias audit within the past year and with notice to candidates.
AI conversation simulator
Software in which AI plays a subordinate, peer or supervisor so a learner can rehearse a difficult conversation and receive feedback on what went well and what to improve.
AI role player (Also called a synthetic teammate or synthetic entity)
A computer-controlled character that stands in for a human role player in a simulation, such as a teammate, adversary or civilian, and reacts to what trainees say and do.
AI role-play (AI role-play (conversation simulation))
Practice in which an AI character, often built on a large language model, plays an employee, peer or customer and responds to what the learner says, followed by scoring and feedback.
AR (Augmented reality)
Digital imagery overlaid on or blended with the real world, seen through a camera or display such as a smartphone, head-mounted display or heads-up display. The imagery may interact with real surroundings.
ASR (Automatic speech recognition)
Software that turns trainees' speech into text so a simulation can respond and assess communication automatically.
ASTRO (GSA ASTRO)
A GSA program of ten multiple-award IDIQ contracts for services on manned, unmanned and optionally manned platforms, including a Training pool.
ATC (Air traffic control (simulated))
Software that plays controllers and other traffic so students can practice radio calls; one Air Force order describes it serving as AI role-players when no human is present.
ATO (Authorization to operate)
A senior federal official's formal decision to let an information system operate, explicitly accepting its remaining risk based on agreed security and privacy controls. It is granted for a set period on stated terms.
AWS GovCloud (Amazon Web Services GovCloud (US))
Isolated AWS cloud regions for U.S. government agencies and customers with sensitive workloads, designed to meet requirements such as FedRAMP High and DoD Impact Levels 4 and 5, and administered only by U.S.-citizen AWS staff.

B

BFA (BlueForge Alliance)
A nonprofit that works with the Navy on the maritime industrial base, focused on advanced technology, supply chains and workforce development; it partners on the Navy-funded BuildSubmarines.com recruiting site.
BPA (Blanket purchase agreement)
A simplified way to fill anticipated repeat needs for supplies or services by setting up "charge accounts" with qualified sources, including under GSA schedule contracts.
Bystander intervention
Stepping in, when it is appropriate and safe, to stop behavior that could lead to sexual harassment or sexual assault. Training teaches which cues to watch for and how to intervene.

C

C-UAS (C-sUAS) (Counter-unmanned aircraft systems; counter-small UAS)
Systems and tactics used to detect, identify, track and defeat hostile drones.
CALM (Counseling on Access to Lethal Means)
A course that teaches skills for conversations about lethal means safety. DoD and partners developed an e-learning version for civilian health care providers and non-clinical military gatekeepers.
CDAO (Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office)
The Department of War office that houses Tradewinds, an initiative to transform how the department acquires AI, digital and data technology.
CE/CME (Continuing education / continuing medical education)
Credit health professionals earn for accredited education. DHA's Continuing Education Program Office offers accredited events that award CE/CME credit to physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists and other professions.
CMMC (Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification)
DoD's framework (32 CFR part 170) for assessing contractors' information security. When a solicitation sets a CMMC level, contracting officers may not award to an offeror lacking a current CMMC status at that level or higher.
Concurrency (Trainer concurrency)
Keeping a training device matched to the current baseline of the aircraft it represents.
Confabulation (Often called hallucination)
Confidently stated but erroneous or false content produced by generative AI, which can mislead or deceive users.
CSO (Commercial Solutions Opening)
A DoD competitive procedure (10 U.S.C. 3458) that uses a general solicitation and peer, technical or operational review of proposals to buy commercial products, commercial services or nondevelopmental items through fixed-price awards.
CTE (Career and technical education)
Education programs that prepare students for careers through programs of study and credentials, supported federally by Perkins V.
CUI (Controlled unclassified information)
Government information that law, regulation or government-wide policy requires to be safeguarded or limited in distribution, but that is not classified. It is governed by Executive Order 13556 and 32 CFR part 2002.
Cyber range
A controlled, instrumented network environment where cyber teams practice attack and defense, rehearse missions or study malicious code without risk to real systems.

D

De-escalation
Verbal and nonverbal techniques to calm a person who shows early signs of aggression. VA's PMDB curriculum for workplace violence prevention includes verbal de-escalation skills.
Developmental counseling
The process leaders use to review a subordinate's performance and potential and help them prepare for current and future responsibilities.
DHA (Defense Health Agency)
A Department of Defense combat support agency, established October 1, 2013, that directs shared services for the Military Health System, including the TRICARE health program, education and training, and public health.
Digital twin
A digital representation of a real-world object, concept or idea that lets users see its states and how those states change.
DLA (Defense Logistics Agency)
DoD's combat logistics support agency, established in 1961. Its Troop Support Construction & Equipment unit runs the Tailored Logistics Support programs through which customers buy commercial equipment.
DRRS (Defense Readiness Reporting System)
DoD's readiness reporting system, developed after Congress directed a comprehensive readiness system in 1999; it carries mission-essential task capability ratings alongside resource and training metrics.
DSPO (Defense Suicide Prevention Office)
The DoD office, established in 2011, that is responsible for suicide prevention efforts across the department and oversees the Defense Suicide Prevention Program.
DVIDS (Digital Visual Information Distribution System)
A 24/7 military media service, owned by the War Media Activity, that connects news media worldwide with service members and keeps a searchable archive of military video, photos, print and audio.

E

eITD (Enhanced immersive training device)
A higher-fidelity immersive device introduced under the Air Force's VTRAD project to support its Fighter/Bomber Fundamentals training program.
EMS (Electromagnetic spectrum)
The spectrum of radio and other frequencies; DoD says the EMS is essential for control in operational environments and affects operations in the air, land, sea, space and cyber domains.
EW (Electronic warfare)
The use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack adversaries, for example by jamming drone video and control links; DoD renamed it electromagnetic warfare in 2020.

F

FBF (Fighter/Bomber Fundamentals)
An Air Education and Training Command course in the T-38C jet trainer for future fighter and bomber pilots; VTRAD devices support it.
FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program)
A GSA program, set in law, that gives agencies a standardized, reusable way to assess and authorize the security of cloud products and services that handle unclassified federal information.
FFS (Full flight simulator)
A replica of a specific aircraft type's cockpit with the equipment and programs to represent ground and flight operations, an out-the-cockpit visual system and motion cues, as the FAA defines it.
Four-fifths rule (Uniform Guidelines adverse-impact rule of thumb)
A group selection rate below 80 percent of the highest group's rate is generally treated by federal agencies as evidence of adverse impact.
FPV (First-person view)
Flying a drone through its live camera view, usually in goggles; small FPV drones are widely used in current conflicts and in drone-training simulators.
FSTD (Flight simulation training device)
The FAA's term covering both full flight simulators and flight training devices; 14 CFR Part 60 sets how FSTDs are qualified.
FTD (Flight training device)
A replica of aircraft instruments, equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck area or enclosed cockpit, with the programs to represent aircraft operations, as the FAA defines it.

G

Gatekeeper
In DoD policy, a community member, such as a chaplain, front-line supervisor, legal staff member, schoolhouse instructor or medical staff member, trained to counsel service members on access to lethal means. Army policy calls ACE and ACE-SI gatekeeper trainings.
GCS (Ground control station)
The station from which drone crews fly the aircraft and run its sensors; high-fidelity trainers reuse GCS hardware.
GenAI.mil
The Department of War's secure generative AI platform for military personnel, civilians and contractors, launched in December 2025 and authorized for CUI up to Impact Level 5.
Generative AI (Generative artificial intelligence)
AI models that learn the structure of their input data and generate new synthetic content, such as text, images, audio or video.
GMAW (Gas metal arc welding)
The welding process commonly called MIG welding, offered on several of the simulators reviewed.
GMAW, SMAW, GTAW, FCAW (Gas metal arc, shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc and flux-cored arc welding)
The arc welding processes covered by the welding simulators in this category, known in the shop as MIG, stick, TIG and flux-cored welding.
GoCC (Goals of care conversation)
In VA policy, a conversation between a VA practitioner and a patient or surrogate to determine the patient's values and goals of care and, based on them, establish a life-sustaining treatment plan.
GSA MAS (General Services Administration Multiple Award Schedule)
GSA's program, also called schedules or the Federal Supply Schedule, through which eligible buyers order commercial products and services from contractors at pre-negotiated prices, organized by Special Item Number (SIN).

H

Hallucination
Generative AI output that includes fabricated information presented as if it were authentic, which is why AI outputs need human review.
HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems)
A CMS patient survey of hospital experience, including communication with doctors and nurses; scores are publicly reported and play a role in hospital payment through Hospital Value-Based Purchasing.
High-impact AI (OMB M-25-21 term)
AI whose output is a principal basis for decisions or actions with a legal, material, binding or significant effect on civil rights or privacy, access to programs or services, health and safety, critical infrastructure, or strategic assets.
Human-in-the-loop simulation (Human-powered avatar simulation)
A simulation led in real time by a trained human simulation specialist rather than by generative AI.

I

IDIQ (Indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity)
A contract for an indefinite quantity of supplies or services, within a stated minimum and maximum, over a fixed period. The government places individual orders as needs arise.
IETM (Interactive electronic technical manual)
Technical manuals delivered in electronic, interactive form and built to military standards; virtual maintenance trainers can show IETM data next to the simulated aircraft.
IL4 / IL5 (Impact Level 4 / Impact Level 5)
Categories in DoD's Cloud Computing Security Requirements Guide. IL4 covers controlled unclassified information (CUI) and other mission-critical data; IL5 covers CUI needing more protection and unclassified national security systems.
Integrated primary prevention
Prevention that addresses several self-directed harms and prohibited abusive acts together, to promote unity of effort, avoid duplication and lessen training fatigue (DoDI 6400.09).
Integrated Primary Prevention Workforce
Full- and part-time prevention personnel who advise commanders and implement primary prevention activities, such as suicide prevention training. The FY2022 NDAA directed DoD to establish this workforce, and DoDI 6400.11 sets it up.
IOS (Instructor operator station)
The station an instructor uses for scenario management and performance monitoring during simulator training.
IRC (Independent Review Commission on Sexual Assault in the Military)
The commission whose report, "Hard Truths and the Duty to Change," is dated July 2, 2021. The FY2022 NDAA required DoD to brief Congress on implementing its recommendations.
ITD (Immersive training device)
A low-cost trainer built from commercial XR headsets, PCs and replica cockpit controls; the Air Force fielded 225 of them at its undergraduate training sites in 2022.
ITS (Intelligent tutoring system)
Software, often embedded in a simulator, that monitors a student's actions, assesses knowledge and skills, and generates individualized instruction.

J

JCO (Joint Counter-small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office)
DoD's former counter-small UAS office; the Secretary of Defense ordered it disestablished in August 2025 when he directed the creation of JIATF 401.
JIATF 401 (Joint Interagency Task Force 401)
DoD's lead organization for counter-small UAS capability, stood up by the Army in 2025 at the Secretary of Defense's direction; it replaced the JCO.

L

Lethal means safety
Keeping highly lethal means of suicide, such as firearms and medications, out of timely reach when risk is heightened, for example through gun locks, safes and safe medication storage.
LLM (Large language model)
The kind of AI model behind chat tools that respond to questions asked in plain language; some AI role-play products build their virtual characters on LLMs.
LMS (Learning management system)
Software, typically web-based, that administers courses: learners sign in, register, complete courses and take assessments, and the system delivers content and records their progress.
LRS (Learning record store)
A system that exposes the xAPI web service so experience data, especially on learning and human performance, can be tracked and accessed.
LST (Life-sustaining treatment)
In VA policy, a medical treatment intended to prolong the life of a patient who would be expected to die soon without it, such as CPR, mechanical ventilation, artificial nutrition and hydration, or dialysis.
LSTDI (Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative)
A VA initiative on life-sustaining treatment decisions; VA's National Center for Ethics in Health Care lists LSTDI resources alongside its Goals of Care Conversations training.
LVC (Live, virtual, constructive)
Three kinds of military training. Live: real people operating real systems. Virtual: real people operating simulated systems, such as a vehicle simulator. Constructive: computer simulations, such as units shown as icons, used to train real people.

M

MAS (Multiple Award Schedule)
GSA's program, also called schedules or the Federal Supply Schedule, through which federal, state, local and tribal buyers get commercial products and services at pre-negotiated prices.
MC rate (Mission capable rate)
The percentage of time an aircraft can perform one of its tasked missions.
MIB (Maritime Industrial Base Program)
A Navy program office set up in September 2024, reporting to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition, that merged the Submarine and Surface Combatant Industrial Base programs.
MR (Mixed reality)
Environments that combine real-world and virtual elements, such as a physical office set where a trainee talks with a life-size virtual character on a screen. The FDA notes that augmented reality is sometimes called mixed or merged reality.
MTD (Maintenance training device)
A trainer, physical or virtual, that replicates an aircraft's structure or systems so maintainers can practice tasks without using an operational aircraft.

N

NCCER (National Center for Construction Education and Research)
A nonprofit education foundation, set up in 1996, that develops craft-training curricula, assessments and credentials; some welding simulators map exercises to its curriculum levels.
NCO (Noncommissioned officer)
An Army leader responsible for setting and maintaining standards and discipline who guides Soldier development daily through training, coaching, mentoring and counseling and helps develop junior officers.
NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act)
The annual law that authorizes appropriations for DoD, Energy Department nuclear weapons programs and other defense activities and sets defense policy. Unlike an appropriations act, it does not itself provide budget authority.
NITE-STAR (National Space Test and Training Complex Innovative Technology and Engineering—Space Test and Range)
A 10-year Space Systems Command contract pool, established July 31, 2026, for test and training elements such as simulators, satellites and instrumentation.
NPC (Non-player character)
A character in a game or simulation controlled by software rather than a person; AI that models human behavior can drive NPCs as synthetic teammates or opposing forces.

O

OFP (Operational flight program)
The aircraft's operational software; some trainers run the actual or an emulated OFP so the device represents the aircraft faithfully.
OPFOR (Opposing force)
The adversary that trainees face in an exercise; in simulations, AI can control OPFOR behavior.
OPSEC (Operations security)
A process, defined in DoDD 5205.02E, of identifying critical information, analyzing friendly actions that adversaries could observe, and taking measures to reduce the risk that adversaries piece together that information.
OT (Other transaction (authority))
An agreement under 10 U.S.C. 4022 for prototype projects; a successfully completed prototype can lead to a follow-on production contract or transaction.
OTA (Other transaction authority)
DoD's statutory authority (10 U.S.C. 4022 for prototypes) to enter agreements that are not FAR-based procurement contracts, used for prototype projects and, when they succeed, follow-on production.
OTM (Own the Moment)
VA's principles-based approach to patient experience and the training every VHA employee must receive at onboarding, covering VA customer experience principles and WECARE behaviors.
OTTI (Operational Test and Training Infrastructure)
The Space Force's program to combine digital, cyber and live-training ranges under one system.

P

PCTE (Persistent Cyber Training Environment)
A training platform built and sustained under Army contracts that supports individual, team and force-level cyber training for the Cyber Mission Force and U.S. Cyber Command.
Pipefitter
A tradesperson who installs and maintains piping that carries liquids and gases, which can include chemicals and acids, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
PMDB (Prevention and Management of Disruptive Behavior)
The only approved curriculum for VA's mandatory workplace violence prevention training, with courses on awareness and preparedness, reporting, verbal de-escalation, limit setting and physical safety.
Postvention
Response activities after a suicide or suicide attempt that help survivors cope with grief, prevent further suicides, and share accurate information and messages of hope. Also called tertiary prevention.
Prompt injection
An attack that changes what is fed to a generative AI system so it behaves in unintended ways, either directly through crafted prompts or indirectly through data the system retrieves.
PTT (Part-task trainer)
A hardware trainer that replicates one part of an aircraft, such as a cargo compartment or landing gear bay, for hands-on practice of specific tasks.

R

Registered Apprenticeship
A Department of Labor program model that combines paid work experience with classroom instruction and leads to a nationally recognized credential; most electricians learn through apprenticeships.
REMAP (Reframe, Expect emotion, Map, Align, Plan)
A five-step guide for goals-of-care discussions from VA's training materials: reframe the situation, respond to emotion with empathy, map out what matters, align with the patient's values, and plan care to match.
Restricted reporting
A reporting option that lets an adult sexual assault victim disclose confidentially to a SARC, SAPR victim advocate or healthcare personnel and receive care without triggering an investigation. Available to service members and adult military dependents.
RJP (Realistic job preview)
A recruiting tool that communicates both the good and bad aspects of a job so candidates can judge their fit.
RPA (Remotely piloted aircraft)
A drone flown by a pilot and a sensor operator from a ground control station, such as the MQ-9A Reaper.

S

SAM.gov (System for Award Management)
The government's primary repository of information on prospective and current federal awardees and its central system for certain contracting, grant and assistance processes. Vendors register there, and contract opportunities are posted there.
SAP (Simplified acquisition procedures)
The streamlined federal purchasing rules in FAR Part 13 for supplies and services that do not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold.
SAPR (Sexual Assault Prevention and Response)
DoD's program for preventing and responding to sexual assault. It covers prevention, education and training, response capability, victim support, reporting procedures and accountability.
SAPR VA (SAPR Victim Advocate)
A person who provides non-clinical crisis intervention, referrals and ongoing support to adult sexual assault victims, and who reports to the SARC while performing advocacy duties.
SARC (Sexual Assault Response Coordinator)
The single point of contact at an installation or in an area who oversees sexual assault awareness, prevention and response training, coordinates care for victims, and tracks services from report to resolution.
SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)
A federal program, coordinated by SBA and funded through 11 agencies, that pays small businesses for research and development in phases: feasibility (Phase I), continued R&D (Phase II) and commercialization with other funds (Phase III).
SBIR Phase III (Small Business Innovation Research, Phase III)
Work that extends an earlier SBIR or STTR project but is funded from other sources, including transition into government acquisition programs.
SCD (Sharable Competency Definitions (IEEE 1484.20.3))
The TLA standard that describes a competency, its relationships to other competencies in a framework, and the assessment criteria for demonstrating proficiency.
SCIF (Sensitive compartmented information facility)
A room, area or building accredited to Director of National Intelligence security standards for handling, storing or discussing sensitive compartmented information (SCI).
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)
A set of e-learning specifications, introduced in 2000 and supported by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative, that lets courseware run in and report learner progress to any conforming learning management system.
Section 508 (Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973)
A 1998 amendment to the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 794d) requiring federal agencies to make the electronic and information technology they develop, buy, maintain or use accessible to people with disabilities.
Serious illness conversation
A conversation between clinicians and a seriously ill patient about the patient's goals, values and priorities to guide future care. Ariadne Labs' Serious Illness Conversation Guide is one framework for it.
SEWP (Solutions for Enterprise-Wide Procurement)
NASA's government-wide acquisition contract for information technology, communication and audio-visual products and services, available to all federal agencies.
SHARP (Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention)
The Army's program to prevent and respond to sexual harassment, sexual assault and related retaliation through prevention, education and training, response, victim assistance, reporting and accountability.
SIB (Submarine Industrial Base)
The Navy program, set up in October 2021, to expand submarine construction capacity across suppliers, shipyards and the workforce; it became part of the MIB Program in 2024.
SimLEARN (Simulation Learning, Evaluation, Assessment, and Research Network)
VHA's program for simulation in health care training, which VA says enhances diagnostic, procedural and communication skills.
SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding)
The welding process commonly called stick welding, offered on several of the simulators reviewed.
Sole-source award (Sole source acquisition)
A contract entered into, or proposed, after soliciting and negotiating with only one source. Laws allow this in specific cases, such as SBIR/STTR Phase III and some small-business programs.
SP (Standardized patient or simulated patient)
A person trained to portray a patient in realistic and repeatable ways for education and assessment. SPs can also give learners feedback from the patient's perspective.
SPIKES (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, Summary)
A six-step approach to delivering serious or bad news, included in VA's Goals of Care Conversations training materials.
SPRIRC (Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee)
An independent committee created under Section 738 of the FY2022 NDAA to review DoD suicide prevention and response programs. Its report was published in January 2023.
STARCOM (Space Training and Readiness Command)
The U.S. Space Force command that trains and educates Guardians and proves systems and tactics; it turned five in August 2026.
STE (Synthetic Training Environment)
The Army's effort, begun in 2017, to merge live, virtual, constructive and gaming training into one environment using VR and AR. Some parts are in use; the rest is in development. CPE ST3, formerly PEO STRI, runs it.
STTR (Small Business Technology Transfer)
A companion program to SBIR that funds cooperative research and development between small businesses and nonprofit research institutions, under the same phases and a single SBA Policy Directive.
sUAS (Small unmanned aircraft system)
A small drone. DoD's counter-drone task force focuses on defeating small UAS, and the Marine Corps manages Group 1 and Group 2 small UAS training through its Robotics Integration Group.
Synthetic training environment (STE, when referring to the Army program)
A simulated setting, from a desktop battlespace to a networked range, where units train against virtual forces; the Army's future program is called the Synthetic Training Environment (STE).

T

T/P/U (Trained, Practiced, Untrained)
FM 7-0 ratings for collective tasks: Trained means advanced proficiency with minimal shortcomings, Practiced means basic proficiency with shortcomings, and Untrained means the unit cannot perform the task.
TeamSTEPPS
AHRQ's evidence-based set of teamwork tools for improving communication and teamwork among healthcare teams, including patients and family caregivers; updated as TeamSTEPPS 3.0 in 2023.
TLA (Total Learning Architecture)
The ADL Initiative's set of IEEE learning data standards: competency definitions (1484.20.3), learning metadata (2881), xAPI (9274.1.1) and, as the optional fourth, enterprise learner records (2997).
TO (Technical order)
Air Force maintenance documentation that maintainers reference to perform tasks; some immersive trainers integrate technical order data so trainees see up-to-date technical information inside the virtual environment.
Tradewinds Solutions Marketplace (TSM)
A Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office repository of post-competition, readily awardable pitch videos for AI, digital and data solutions, open to government users.
TRISS / JOES (TRICARE Inpatient Satisfaction Survey / Joint Outpatient Experience Survey)
Military Health System surveys of beneficiaries' inpatient and outpatient care experience; TRISS uses questions developed for the national HCAHPS initiative.

U

UARC (University Affiliated Research Center)
A university research center that maintains a strategic relationship with the Department of Defense, responding to sponsor needs with independence and objectivity.
UAS (Unmanned aircraft system)
Unmanned aircraft systems, otherwise known as drones; recent executive orders use the definition in 49 U.S.C. 44801.
Unrestricted reporting
A reporting option that triggers an investigation and command notification while giving the victim access to healthcare, a SARC and a SAPR victim advocate. DoD civilians and contractors can file only unrestricted reports.
UPT (Undergraduate Pilot Training)
The Air Force's initial pilot training; Air Education and Training Command's UPT 2.5 initiative added VR aircrew training and a cloud-based learning management system.

V

V-learning (VR-based learning)
PwC's term for training delivered in virtual reality, compared in its study with classroom and e-learning.
VA Immersive
VA's immersive technology effort. VA says it has deployed more than 3,700 VR headsets at over 170 medical centers and clinics, and its Veterans Experience Office worked with VA Immersive on the Moments That Matter staff training.
Virtual human (Embodied conversational agent)
A computer-generated character that converses with users, used in training for practice such as job interviews or leader counseling.
VMT (Virtual maintenance trainer)
Software that simulates an aircraft and its systems in 3D so maintainers can practice procedures and diagnose faults on a computer, touchscreen or headset.
VR (Virtual reality)
An immersive experience that replaces the user's view of their surroundings with a simulated, interactive virtual environment. A headset may be required.
VR-JIT (Virtual reality job-interview training)
Simulated job interviews used to build interview skills, tested in a National Institute of Justice-funded randomized trial in Michigan prisons.

W

WIOA (Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act)
A 2014 federal law designed to help job seekers access employment, education, training and support services.
Work sample (Work sample test or simulation)
An assessment in which applicants perform tasks that mirror the tasks employees perform on the job.

X

xAPI (Experience API)
An ADL Initiative specification for recording learning experiences, online or off, as standardized statements sent to a learning record store. It was created to modernize SCORM's tracking. The current version is xAPI 2.0.
XR (Extended reality)
An umbrella term for virtual, augmented and mixed reality and related technologies, including immersive environments and 360-degree content.

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